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Zhang Sanfeng was a legendary Chinese Taoist who is believed to have achieved immortality. According to various accounts, he was born in Shaowu, Nanping, Fujian during the Southern Song dynasty and lived for over 200 years until the mid-Ming dynasty. His given name was Tong (通) and his courtesy name was Junbao (君寶). He specialised in Confucian and Taoist studies, scholarly and literary arts. During the reign of Emperor Shizu in the Yuan dynasty, he was nominated as a candidate to join the civil service and held office as the Magistrate of Boling County (博陵縣; around present-day Dingzhou, Baoding, Hebei). While touring around the mountainous regions near present-day Baoji, Shaanxi, he saw the summits of three mountains and decided to give himself the Taoist name "Sanfengzi" (三丰子), hence he also became known as "Zhang Sanfeng". Zhang Sanfeng's life is that of indifference to fame and wealth. After declining to serve the government and giving away his property to his clan, he travelled around China and lived as an ascetic. He spent several years on Mount Hua before settling in the Wudang Mountains. ==Legacy== Zhang Sanfeng is credited for creating the concept of ''neijia'' (內家) in Chinese martial arts, specifically ''taijiquan'', a Neo-Confucian syncretism of Shaolin martial arts with his mastery of ''daoyin'' (or ''neigong'') principles. On one occasion, he observed a bird attacking a snake and was greatly inspired by the snake's defensive tactics. It remained still and alert in the face of the bird's onslaught until it made a lunge and fatally bit its attacker. This incident inspired him to create a set of 72 ''taijiquan'' movements.〔 (Mount Wudang -- Abode of Immortals and a Martial Monk ), by staff reporter Huo Jianying (front page)〕 He is also associated with the Taoist monasteries in the Wudang Mountains. Huang Zongxi's ''Epitaph for Wang Zhengnan'' (1669) gave Zhang Sanfeng credit for the development of a Taoist "internal martial arts" style, as opposed to the "external" style of the Shaolin martial arts tradition. Stanley Henning's article, ''Ignorance, Legend and Taijiquan'', criticised the myth that Zhang Sanfeng created ''taijiquan'' and cast doubt on whether Zhang really existed. Zhang Sanfeng was also an expert in the White Crane and Snake styles of Chinese martial arts, and in the use of the ''jian'' (double-edged Chinese sword). According to 19th century documents preserved in the archives of the Yang and Wu-styles ''taijiquan'' families, Zhang Sanfeng's master was Xu Xuanping, a Tang dynasty Taoist poet and ''daoyin'' expert. The ''taijiquan'' families who honour Zhang Sanfeng as the creator of ''taijiquan'' traditionally celebrate his birthday on the ninth day of the third month in the Chinese calendar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zhang Sanfeng」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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